Disc brakes are widely used in modern vehicles, particularly in the front wheels. They consist of a rotor, caliper, brake pads, and a hydraulic system. The rotor is a flat, circular metal disc that rotates with the wheel. When the brake pedal is pressed, hydraulic pressure is applied to the caliper, forcing the brake pads to clamp down on both sides of the rotor. This creates friction, which slows down or stops the rotation of the wheel, thereby halting the vehicle.

Advantages of Disc Brakes:

Superior Heat Dissipation: Disc brakes are highly efficient in dissipating heat generated during braking. The open design allows heat to escape rapidly, reducing the risk of brake fade and maintaining consistent braking performance even under prolonged or heavy use.

Better Cooling: The exposed design of disc brakes facilitates better air circulation around the rotor, aiding in cooling and preventing overheating.

Consistent Performance: Disc brakes offer more consistent and predictable braking, regardless of weather conditions. They are less prone to the negative effects of water, dust, or other contaminants.

Quick Response: Disc brakes provide a more immediate response, requiring less pedal effort to engage and delivering shorter stopping distances.

Disadvantages of Disc Brakes:

Cost: Disc brake systems are generally more expensive to manufacture and maintain than drum brakes, making them less common in some smaller or budget-oriented vehicles.

Limited Parking Brake Function: Traditional disc brakes do not incorporate a parking brake mechanism, requiring additional mechanisms like parking brake calipers or electronic parking brakes.

Increased Wear on Brake Pads: The constant friction between the brake pads and rotor causes them to wear down faster compared to drum brakes, necessitating more frequent replacement.

Drum brakes are older technology and are commonly found in the rear wheels of many vehicles, although some smaller vehicles may have them on all wheels. They consist of a drum, brake shoes, wheel cylinders, and a mechanical or hydraulic mechanism. When the brake pedal is pressed, the wheel cylinders push the brake shoes against the inside surface of the drum, creating friction and slowing down the rotation of the wheel.

Advantages of Drum Brakes:

Cost-Effective: Drum brake systems are generally less expensive to produce and maintain than disc brakes, making them more prevalent in budget-friendly vehicles.

Parking Brake Integration: Drum brakes incorporate a built-in parking brake mechanism, making it easier to engage the parking brake without additional components.

Self-Adjusting: Drum brakes have a self-adjusting feature that compensates for the natural wear of the brake shoes, ensuring consistent performance over time.

Disadvantages of Drum Brakes:

Heat Build-up: The enclosed design of drum brakes makes it difficult for heat to dissipate effectively. This can lead to brake fade during prolonged or heavy braking, reducing overall performance.

Reduced Cooling: Limited airflow around the drum brake assembly hampers cooling, increasing the risk of overheating.

Longer Response Time: Drum brakes generally require more pedal effort and take longer to respond compared to disc brakes. This can result in longer stopping distances and reduced driver confidence, especially in emergency situations.